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How does the UK's 'one-in, one-out' scheme work?
The 'one-in, one-out' scheme allows the UK to return a migrant to France whenever it accepts an asylum seeker from France. This reciprocal arrangement aims to reduce illegal crossings by disrupting people-smuggling networks and managing migration flows more effectively.
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Why is the UK returning migrants to France now?
The UK began returning migrants to France in August 2025 to address the surge in crossings via small boats across the Channel, which exceeded 25,000 in 2025. The deal is part of efforts to curb illegal crossings and strengthen border security, supported by a £100 million enforcement fund.
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What are the impacts of this deal on migration and border security?
The deal aims to reduce the number of migrants crossing illegally by targeting the criminal gangs behind people smuggling. It also seeks to manage migration more fairly by accepting asylum seekers with UK ties from France, potentially easing pressure on UK borders.
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Are there similar migration agreements between other countries?
Yes, some European countries have bilateral agreements to manage migration and border security, but the UK's deal with France is notable as it is the first post-Brexit arrangement of its kind approved by the EU, focusing on returns and legal migration routes.
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What criticisms or concerns are raised about this scheme?
Critics, including refugee charities and political opponents, argue that the scheme may not address the root causes of migration and could lead to unsafe returns. Some also worry it might criminalize migrants or push crossings to more dangerous routes.
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Could this deal influence future migration policies?
The success or failure of this pilot could set a precedent for similar agreements elsewhere. It reflects a broader shift towards more managed and cooperative border policies, especially in response to rising migration pressures across Europe.