A PEN America report shows a sharp rise in banned non-fiction in US schools during 2024-25, led by activism, social movements, and topics like sex education and LGBTQ+ representation. This page answers the core questions readers have about the spike, how bans differ between non-fiction and fiction, the arguments for and against bans in 2026, and which titles drew the most controversy.
The spike in 2024-25 was driven by a wave of removals targeting non-fiction that centers on activism, social movements, and current events. LGBTQ+ representation, People of Color narratives, sex education, and death-or grief topics were also frequently cited as reasons for removal. Classic novels faced renewed scrutiny in some districts, signaling a broadening censorship landscape beyond restricted topics.
Non-fiction bans in 2024-25 leaned toward factual works about social movements, civic rights, and real-world issues, while fiction bans often focused on perceived controversial content or moral themes. Some districts moved more quickly on non-fiction due to its direct link to curricula and classroom discussions, whereas fiction bans varied by local culture and parental input. The overall trend shows a broader tightening of access to certain topics across both genres.
Proponents argue bans protect students from explicit material, reflect community standards, and help manage sensitive topics in age-appropriate ways. Opponents say bans limit access to diverse perspectives, chill classroom discussion, and undermine students’ critical thinking. In 2026, debates also touch on who sets standards, how bans are implemented, and the impact on civil rights and educational equity.
Controversy often centers on works that address LGBTQ+ themes, race, and activism, including non-fiction titles about social movements. Authors and specific titles become flashpoints because they challenge prevailing beliefs or classroom norms. The exact list varies by district, but the common thread is that works dealing with identity, equality, and current societal debates tend to attract greater scrutiny.
PEN America reports show non-fiction titles were disproportionately targeted, and the number of banned non-fiction works doubled in 2024-25. They corroborate broader media coverage about censorship trends in schools. As with any data, readers should consider context, local reporting, and the methods PEN America uses to track removals across districts.
Schools can adopt transparent policies, involve communities in decision-making, and provide context through guiding documents, teacher training, and alternative readings. The goal is to maintain open access to diverse perspectives while ensuring materials align with educational goals and student safety.
This year’s winners also include Jill Lepore’s book on the constitution and Brian Goldstone’s on housing insecurity
The Justice Department has gone after several of Trump’s perceived political enemies, most recently with the fresh indictment of former FBI Director James Comey