In December 2025, Congo and Rwanda signed a historic peace agreement brokered by the US, aiming to end decades of conflict involving the M23 rebel group. However, recent fighting in eastern Congo raises questions about whether this deal can bring lasting peace. Many wonder if the agreement will hold amid ongoing violence, what obstacles remain, and how civilians are affected. Below, we explore these critical questions and what the future might hold for this troubled region.
-
Will the Congo-Rwanda peace deal actually hold despite the fighting?
While the peace deal signed on December 4, 2025, aims to end hostilities, fighting has continued in eastern Congo. The deal includes ceasefire and disarmament, but ongoing clashes suggest that peace is fragile. The success of the agreement depends on many factors, including the commitment of all parties and international support.
-
What are the main obstacles to peace in eastern Congo?
Key obstacles include deep-rooted ethnic tensions, control over mineral-rich territories, and the presence of multiple armed groups. Rwandan-backed rebels like M23 deny involvement in recent clashes, but accusations persist. Disarmament and troop withdrawals remain unfulfilled, complicating efforts to stabilize the region.
-
How are civilians affected by the recent escalation of violence?
Civilians in eastern Congo are suffering greatly, with increased displacement, bombings, and insecurity. Many have fled their homes, facing shortages of food, healthcare, and safety. The ongoing violence hampers efforts to rebuild communities and worsens the humanitarian crisis.
-
What does the US-brokered Washington Accords include?
The Washington Accords outline a framework for ceasefire, disarmament, refugee return, and economic cooperation. The deal aims to promote stability and development, but implementation has been slow, and key security commitments like troop withdrawals are still pending.
-
Can international efforts really bring peace to eastern Congo?
International mediators, including the US and Qatar, are working to support peace efforts. While diplomatic progress has been made, the region's complex history and ongoing conflicts make lasting peace challenging. Continued international engagement and local commitment are essential.
-
What’s next for Congo and Rwanda after the peace deal?
The future depends on whether all parties follow through on their commitments. Success will require disarmament, troop withdrawals, and rebuilding trust. The international community will likely continue to monitor and support peace efforts, but challenges remain significant.