India’s Aadhaar system is one of the world’s largest biometric digital ID programs, providing over 1.3 billion citizens with a unique ID used for accessing government services, benefits, and financial transactions. Recently, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer visited India to study Aadhaar’s success and consider how a similar system could be implemented in the UK. But what exactly is Aadhaar, and how does it work? Below, we explore the key questions about India’s digital ID and its influence on other countries.
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How does India’s Aadhaar system work?
Aadhaar assigns each Indian citizen a unique 12-digit biometric ID, which includes fingerprints, iris scans, and a photograph. This ID is linked to personal details like name, address, and date of birth. Citizens can use their Aadhaar to verify their identity online or in person, simplifying access to services such as banking, healthcare, and government benefits.
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Why is Aadhaar considered a success?
Aadhaar is praised for reducing bureaucracy, cutting costs, and improving access to essential services across India. It has helped streamline welfare programs and reduce fraud. Despite privacy concerns, many see it as a transformative tool that has modernized Indian governance and improved efficiency.
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What are the privacy concerns with Aadhaar?
Critics argue that Aadhaar’s extensive data collection raises risks of data breaches, misuse, and exclusion of vulnerable groups. There have been instances of leaks and concerns over government surveillance. Privacy advocates call for stronger protections and limits on data sharing to prevent abuse.
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How is the UK planning to implement its own digital ID?
The UK plans to introduce a digital ID called the 'Brit Card' by 2029, focusing on verifying employment status to combat illegal work. Unlike Aadhaar, the UK’s system will exclude biometric data and aim to be narrower in scope, addressing privacy concerns while still providing a secure way to verify identity for work and services.
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Can digital IDs help fight illegal work?
Yes, digital IDs can make it easier for authorities to verify employment eligibility, reducing illegal work and exploitation. The UK’s plan to use a digital ID for this purpose aims to improve enforcement and ensure that only authorized workers are employed, helping to combat illegal employment practices.
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What are the risks of adopting digital ID systems?
While digital IDs can improve efficiency and security, they also pose risks like data breaches, exclusion of marginalized groups, and potential government overreach. Balancing convenience with privacy and civil liberties is crucial when designing and implementing these systems.