A groundbreaking long-acting HIV prevention shot called lenacapavir is now being introduced in Africa, starting with Eswatini. This new treatment aims to improve HIV prevention efforts by offering a less frequent, more manageable option for those at risk. But what exactly is this shot, how does it work, and who will benefit most? Below, we answer the most common questions about this promising development and explore what it means for HIV prevention across the continent.
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What is the new HIV prevention shot being rolled out in Africa?
The new HIV prevention shot is called lenacapavir, a long-acting injectable developed by Gilead Sciences. Approved by the US in June 2025, it is designed to be administered twice a year, making it easier for people to stay protected without daily pills. The rollout in Africa, starting with Eswatini, aims to reduce HIV infections by providing a more convenient prevention method for high-risk populations.
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How does lenacapavir improve HIV prevention efforts?
Lenacapavir offers a significant advantage over traditional daily pills because it only needs to be given twice a year. This reduces the burden of daily medication adherence, which can be challenging in many settings. Its long-lasting effect helps prevent HIV more effectively, especially for people who struggle with daily treatment or face stigma around taking pills regularly.
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What challenges remain for HIV treatment in Africa?
Despite the promise of new treatments like lenacapavir, challenges such as high costs, regulatory hurdles, and logistical issues still exist. The drug in the US costs over $28,000 annually, but efforts are underway to make it affordable for low-income countries, with expected prices around $40 from 2027. Ensuring widespread access and overcoming infrastructure barriers remain key hurdles.
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Who will benefit most from this new HIV prevention method?
People at high risk of HIV infection, especially those who find daily medication difficult to manage or face stigma, will benefit most. This includes young people, key populations, and individuals in high-incidence areas like Eswatini. The long-acting shot aims to reach at least 2 million people in Africa by 2027, offering a new hope for HIV prevention.
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When will this HIV prevention shot be available in other African countries?
After the initial rollout in Eswatini, other countries like Namibia are expected to begin receiving the drug. The global initiative, supported by PEPFAR and the Global Fund, aims to expand access across high-burden nations. The timeline depends on regulatory approvals and logistical arrangements, but the goal is to reach more countries soon.
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What are the main obstacles to the widespread use of lenacapavir?
Major obstacles include high costs in high-income countries, regulatory approval processes, and logistical challenges in distributing the drug. While the drug is set to be affordable in low-income countries, ensuring supply chains and overcoming political or funding issues are critical for widespread adoption.