In April 2025, Norwegian authorities linked a cyberattack on a dam to Russia, marking a significant escalation in cyber threats against European infrastructure. Hackers gained control of the dam's water valves, opening floodgates for four hours without causing damage or injuries. This incident highlights the growing cyber activity by Russia targeting critical infrastructure across Europe. But how common are these attacks, and what do they mean for Europe's security? Below, we explore the key questions surrounding this alarming trend.
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What was the cyberattack on the Norwegian dam?
The attack involved hackers remotely accessing the control system of a Norwegian hydropower dam in April 2025. They opened the dam's water valves, increasing water flow for four hours. Norwegian authorities have officially attributed this attack to Russia, viewing it as part of a broader pattern of cyber aggression aimed at critical infrastructure.
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How common are Russian cyberattacks on European infrastructure?
Since Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, there have been over 70 reported cyber incidents targeting European infrastructure, including energy, transportation, and government systems. Experts believe these attacks are part of Russia’s strategic efforts to destabilize and influence Western nations through cyber warfare.
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What does this mean for Europe's critical infrastructure security?
The increasing frequency and sophistication of Russian cyberattacks pose a serious threat to Europe's critical infrastructure. These attacks can disrupt essential services, cause economic damage, and undermine public confidence. Countries are now prioritizing cybersecurity measures to defend against future threats.
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How are European countries responding to rising cyber threats?
European nations are strengthening their cybersecurity defenses, sharing intelligence, and collaborating on joint response strategies. Many are investing in advanced cyber defense systems and conducting regular drills to prepare for potential attacks, recognizing that cyber warfare is a key component of modern conflict.
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Could these cyberattacks lead to physical damage or safety risks?
While the recent dam attack did not cause physical damage or injuries, it demonstrated how cyberattacks can potentially threaten safety and infrastructure stability. If such attacks target critical systems like dams, power plants, or transportation networks, they could lead to dangerous situations or environmental hazards.
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Is Russia the only country involved in cyberattacks on Europe?
Russia is currently the most active state actor linked to cyberattacks on Europe, but other countries and non-state groups also pose threats. Cyber warfare is a complex and evolving landscape, with multiple actors involved in various capacities.