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What are the main goals of Modi's visit with Putin?
During Narendra Modi's visit with Vladimir Putin in December 2025, the focus was on strengthening defense cooperation, energy supplies, and boosting bilateral trade to $100 billion by 2030. While no major new defense deals were signed, the visit emphasized India's strategic autonomy and its efforts to balance relations with both Russia and the U.S.
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How are India and Russia strengthening their defense ties?
India and Russia are working to enhance their defense partnership through agreements on joint manufacturing of spare parts and discussions about advanced weapon systems like the Su-57 fighter jet. Despite some delays in missile deliveries, both countries are committed to deepening their military cooperation amid ongoing geopolitical tensions.
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What is Macron's strategy in China regarding trade and diplomacy?
French President Emmanuel Macron's visit to China in 2025 aimed to strengthen economic ties and involve Beijing in pressuring Russia for a Ukraine ceasefire. Macron seeks to leverage China's influence to support peace efforts while expanding bilateral trade, though tensions over trade disputes and strategic rivalries remain unresolved.
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How do these visits reflect current global power shifts?
These diplomatic visits highlight a world where traditional alliances are evolving. India’s growing independence, Russia’s efforts to maintain influence, and France’s strategic engagement with China all point to a multipolar world. Countries are navigating complex relationships to secure their interests amid rising tensions and shifting economic power.
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Why is India increasing its Russian oil imports despite sanctions?
India continues to buy Russian oil at discounted rates, even with U.S. sanctions and tariffs in place. This move reflects India's desire to secure energy supplies and maintain strategic independence, balancing its relations with both Western countries and Russia amid ongoing geopolitical tensions.
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What are the risks for France and the EU in engaging with China and Russia?
Engaging with China and Russia presents risks such as economic retaliation, diplomatic tensions, and complicating efforts to maintain a unified EU stance on global security. Macron's diplomatic efforts aim to balance cooperation with caution, as the EU navigates its strategic interests in a complex geopolitical environment.