The wildfires in Spain and Portugal in 2025 have been the worst on record for Europe. Many wonder what caused such extreme fires and how climate change played a role. In this page, we explore the reasons behind the severity of these wildfires, their environmental and human impacts, and what can be done to prevent future disasters. Keep reading to understand the science, the socio-economic factors, and the steps needed to address this crisis.
-
How did climate change make the 2025 wildfires worse?
Research shows that climate change increased the likelihood of extreme heat and dry conditions by 30-40 times. The 2025 heatwaves in Iberia, with temperatures exceeding 40°C, created perfect conditions for wildfires to ignite and spread rapidly. Rising temperatures and prolonged droughts have made fires more intense and harder to control.
-
Why are wildfires becoming more frequent in Europe?
Climate change has led to hotter, drier summers across Europe, especially in the Mediterranean region. Additionally, rural depopulation and neglected forest management have resulted in overgrown vegetation, which acts as fuel for fires. These factors combined mean that wildfires are now more common and more severe than in the past.
-
What are the main impacts of these wildfires on the environment and people?
The 2025 wildfires burned over 660,000 hectares, destroying habitats and threatening protected areas. They caused fatalities, mass evacuations, and health issues related to smoke inhalation. The fires also contributed to rural depopulation and increased the risk of future fires due to damaged ecosystems.
-
Can Europe prevent future wildfires with climate action?
Yes, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and implementing better forest management can help lower wildfire risks. Governments are working on disaster preparedness plans, regional cooperation, and policies to combat climate change. However, addressing the root causes of climate change is essential to prevent similar severe wildfires in the future.
-
What measures are being taken to improve wildfire prevention and response?
European countries are investing in early warning systems, firefighting resources, and public awareness campaigns. Spain and Portugal have introduced new policies, including a 10-point plan to enhance disaster preparedness and regional cooperation. These efforts aim to reduce the impact of future wildfires and protect communities and ecosystems.