Ahead of Colombia’s May 31 presidential elections, violence and displacement are rising as armed groups contest routes for drugs, mining, and territory. This page answers common questions readers have about how elections influence conflict, what security is in place, shifts in public sentiment, and international responses. Scroll for clear, concise explanations tied to the latest reporting from ICRC, Reuters, AP, Al Jazeera, and other outlets.
Analysts say the lead‑up to the May 31 election has intensified competition among armed groups over drug routes, illegal mining, and territory, which translates into more attacks, ambushes, and a sharp rise in civilian displacement. The ICRC notes a decade‑long worsening trend that has accelerated in 2025, with about 235,000 people displaced and explosive injuries rising. The political calendar can trigger targeted violence against campaign staff or communities seen as sympathetic to opponents, further fueling fear and flight.
Security authorities say they will act firmly to arrest those responsible for massacres and attacks on civilians and security forces. Reports indicate authorities are increasing police and military presence in hotspot regions, coordinating with local communities, and stepping up intelligence operations to protect voters, candidates, and campaign staff as violence spikes in the run‑up to the vote.
Analysts highlight sharper political rhetoric and a volatile information environment as the election nears. Attacks on campaign staff and political assassinations have influenced voter sentiment, with people responding to security fears and the perceived ability of the state to protect civilians. Public discussion is shaped by concerns over drug route competition and illegal mining, which are tied to the broader conflict dynamics ahead of the poll.
International actors are urging restraint and protecting civilians amid rising violence. The ICRC and other humanitarian organizations emphasize the deteriorating humanitarian situation and call for protection of civilians. News outlets report that governments and international bodies are watching developments closely and urging all parties to maintain caution and respect for human rights as the electoral process unfolds.
Data from the ICRC, cited by Reuters and AP, shows displacement has doubled to around 235,000 people, with a significant rise in injuries and fatalities from explosive events in 2025. Lockdowns by armed groups have also surged, underscoring the humanitarian toll of the conflict in the election period. This data helps explain why many residents are considering leaving affected areas and how the security situation intersects with political timing.
Experts point to competition over cocaine trade routes, illegal mining, and territorial control as key drivers of the current spike in violence. As political tensions rise ahead of May 31, these factors intensify clashes between state forces, guerrilla factions, and criminal groups, affecting civilians through displacement, restrictions on movement, and attacks on communities.
The attacks by gunmen come as the government continues a drive to crack down on organised crime.