With over 1.9 million Afghans returned in 2025 due to large-scale deportations from Iran and Pakistan, many are asking: what are the conditions like for these returnees? Reports highlight serious human rights violations, including torture and detention, especially targeting women, civil society members, and former government officials. Despite Taliban denials, the situation remains critical. Below, we explore the current state of affairs, why these deportations are happening, and what international organizations are doing to respond.
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What are the current conditions for Afghan returnees?
Many Afghan returnees face severe human rights abuses, including torture, detention, and ill-treatment. Reports from the UN and other agencies indicate that women, girls, and those linked to the former government are particularly vulnerable. Despite Taliban claims of support, the reality for many is one of danger and hardship, with some facing threats to their safety upon return.
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Why are large-scale deportations happening now?
Iran and Pakistan have launched extensive deportation campaigns targeting Afghans living illegally in their countries. Citing national security concerns, these governments have expelled millions, with over 1.8 million forcibly returned from Iran alone in recent months. These deportations are part of broader efforts to control migration and address perceived security threats.
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What reports of human rights abuses have been documented?
Multiple reports, including from the UN and news agencies, document serious violations such as torture, arbitrary detention, and threats against returnees. Women and civil society members are especially at risk. Many cases involve mistreatment based on personal profiles, including gender and political links, highlighting a pattern of targeted abuse.
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How are international organizations responding?
International organizations like the UN are raising alarms about the humanitarian crisis and calling for increased oversight and intervention. They are documenting abuses, advocating for the rights of returnees, and urging host countries and the Taliban to ensure safe and humane treatment for all deported Afghans.
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What is the Taliban's stance on these deportations and abuses?
The Taliban deny allegations of mistreatment and claim to provide support to returnees. However, reports from various sources contradict these claims, showing ongoing abuses and a lack of adequate protection for those returning. The tension between official narratives and documented realities underscores the urgent need for international scrutiny.
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What can be done to improve the situation for Afghan returnees?
Addressing this crisis requires coordinated international efforts, including humanitarian aid, monitoring of human rights abuses, and diplomatic pressure on host countries and the Taliban. Ensuring safe, voluntary return and providing support for reintegration are crucial steps to protect vulnerable Afghans and uphold their human rights.