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How do scientists detect signs of volcanic activity?
Scientists use a combination of satellite imagery, seismic monitoring, gas measurements, and ground deformation studies to detect signs of volcanic activity. Satellite images can reveal changes in the volcano's shape or summit elevation, while seismic sensors detect tremors that often precede eruptions. Gas emissions, such as sulfur dioxide, indicate internal activity, and ground deformation shows swelling or inflation of the volcano.
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What does rising summit and gas emissions mean?
An increase in summit elevation and gas emissions typically signals that magma is moving beneath the volcano. Rising summit indicates internal pressure buildup, while gas emissions suggest that magma is releasing gases as it ascends. These signs can point to an increased likelihood of eruption, prompting authorities to monitor the volcano more closely.
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How do eruptions impact local communities and travel?
Volcanic eruptions can have serious effects on nearby communities, including ashfall, lava flows, and mudslides. Ash clouds can disrupt air travel, leading to flight cancellations and airport closures. Eruptions also pose risks to health, agriculture, and infrastructure, making early detection and evacuation plans essential for safety.
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What are the latest tools used for volcano monitoring?
Modern volcano monitoring relies on advanced tools such as satellite remote sensing, ground-based seismic networks, gas analyzers, and GPS stations. These technologies provide real-time data, helping scientists assess eruption risks more accurately. Innovations like drone surveys and thermal cameras are also increasingly used to gather detailed information about volcanic activity.
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Why is monitoring dormant or extinct volcanoes important?
Even volcanoes considered dormant or extinct can become active again, as recent activity at Iran's Taftan volcano suggests. Monitoring these volcanoes helps detect early signs of reactivation, allowing authorities to prepare and warn nearby populations. Continuous surveillance is vital for understanding volcanic behavior and preventing unexpected disasters.