In recent years, we've seen a surprising rise in infectious diseases like TB, hand-foot-mouth, and chikungunya in both the UK and US. After years of decline, why are these illnesses making a comeback? What factors are driving this trend, and what can you do to stay safe? Here, we explore the latest outbreaks, the reasons behind their resurgence, and how health authorities are responding to these ongoing threats.
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What are the recent trends in infectious diseases like TB, hand-foot-mouth, and chikungunya?
In 2024, infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB), hand-foot-mouth disease, and chikungunya are seeing a notable increase. For example, TB cases in England rose by nearly 14%, reversing a decade-long decline. Meanwhile, outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth in the US and chikungunya in New York highlight ongoing risks from viral and vector-borne diseases. These trends suggest that infectious diseases are becoming more active again, partly due to social and environmental factors.
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Why are these diseases increasing after years of decline?
Several factors contribute to the resurgence of these diseases. Social deprivation and migration have played roles in the rise of TB in the UK. In the US, climate change and increased travel have facilitated the spread of mosquito-borne illnesses like chikungunya. Additionally, disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as reduced vaccination and healthcare access, may have weakened disease control efforts, allowing these illnesses to re-emerge.
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What can people do to protect themselves now?
To stay safe, individuals should stay informed about local outbreaks and follow public health advice. Practicing good hygiene, such as regular handwashing, can help prevent diseases like hand-foot-mouth. Using mosquito repellent and eliminating standing water can reduce the risk of chikungunya. Staying up-to-date with vaccinations and seeking medical attention if symptoms appear are also crucial steps to protect yourself and your community.
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How are health authorities responding to these outbreaks?
Health agencies in both the UK and US are emphasizing early detection, increased surveillance, and public awareness campaigns. Efforts include improving diagnostic testing, promoting vaccination programs, and controlling vectors like mosquitoes. Authorities are also working to address social factors contributing to disease spread, such as improving living conditions and access to healthcare, to better manage and prevent future outbreaks.
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Could these outbreaks become more widespread?
While current outbreaks are often localized, the risk of wider spread exists, especially with increased travel and climate change. Vigilance, rapid response, and public cooperation are essential to prevent these diseases from becoming more widespread. Continued surveillance and proactive health measures are key to controlling future outbreaks.