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What is Naegleria fowleri and how does it infect people?
Naegleria fowleri is a microscopic amoeba that lives in warm freshwater environments. It infects people when contaminated water enters the nose, usually during swimming or diving. The amoeba then travels to the brain, causing a deadly infection called primary amebic meningoencephalitis, which is almost always fatal.
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Are certain lakes or water sources more dangerous?
Yes, Naegleria fowleri thrives in warm, stagnant, freshwater bodies like lakes, hot springs, and poorly maintained water systems. The risk increases during hot summer months when water temperatures rise. However, infections are very rare, and most water sources are safe if proper precautions are taken.
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What precautions should swimmers take to avoid infection?
Swimmers should avoid submerging their heads in warm freshwater lakes or ponds, especially during hot weather. Using nose clips, avoiding stirring up sediment, and keeping water out of the nose can help reduce risk. It's also wise to avoid water that looks warm, stagnant, or has a foul smell.
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How often do brain amoeba cases happen in the US?
Naegleria fowleri infections are extremely rare, with fewer than 10 cases reported annually in the US. Most cases occur in southern states during the summer months. Despite the rarity, the high fatality rate makes awareness and prevention important.
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Is there any way to test water for Naegleria fowleri?
Testing water for Naegleria fowleri is possible but not routinely done for public safety. Most health agencies recommend avoiding risky water sources rather than testing. Proper water treatment and avoiding water entry into the nose are the best prevention methods.
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What should I do if I think I’ve been infected?
Infection symptoms include headache, fever, nausea, and stiff neck, usually appearing within a week of exposure. If you experience these symptoms after swimming in warm freshwater, seek emergency medical care immediately. Early diagnosis is critical, but unfortunately, the infection is often fatal.