Iran is currently experiencing its largest wave of protests since 2022, driven by severe economic hardship, currency collapse, and political unrest. The demonstrations have spread across over 88 cities, involving diverse groups like shopkeepers, students, and ethnic minorities. Understanding why these protests are escalating now requires looking at the economic crisis, government responses, and regional tensions. Below, we explore the key questions about Iran's unrest and what it means for the country and the world.
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What is causing Iran's protests to escalate now?
The protests have intensified due to Iran's collapsing rial, soaring inflation, and economic hardship faced by ordinary citizens. The economic crisis, worsened by international sanctions and regional conflicts, has led to widespread dissatisfaction. The protests began in late December 2025 and have grown as people demand economic reforms and political change.
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Why are economic issues sparking protests in Iran?
Iran's economy has been under severe strain, with a record low rial value and high inflation making everyday goods unaffordable. Years of sanctions and regional conflicts have further damaged the economy, leading to unemployment and poverty. These economic struggles have fueled anger and protests across the country.
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How are different groups in Iran affected by the protests?
The protests involve a wide range of groups, including shopkeepers in Tehran's bazaar, students, and ethnic minorities. Shopkeepers are striking due to economic hardship, while students and minorities are protesting political repression and ethnic tensions. The unrest reflects deep-seated frustrations across various social and ethnic communities.
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What is the government doing in response to the protests?
Iranian authorities have responded with a heavy security crackdown, using live ammunition and arresting thousands of protesters. At least 35 people have been killed, including children and security personnel. The government labels protesters as 'rioters' and has promised to restore order, but clashes continue in many cities.
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What is the international community's response to Iran's unrest?
Many countries and international organizations have condemned Iran's use of force and called for restraint. Some nations are concerned about regional stability and have expressed support for peaceful protests. Diplomatic efforts are ongoing, with regional powers watching closely as the situation develops.
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Could these protests lead to political change in Iran?
While the protests are primarily driven by economic grievances, they also reflect broader dissatisfaction with the government. Although significant political change seems unlikely in the short term, sustained unrest could pressure authorities to consider reforms or face continued instability.