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What is the High Seas Treaty?
The High Seas Treaty, officially known as the Agreement on Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction, is an international treaty designed to protect marine ecosystems in areas of the ocean that are beyond national borders. It establishes rules for conservation, sustainable use, and benefit-sharing of marine resources in international waters, covering nearly two-thirds of the ocean.
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Why is the treaty so important?
The treaty is crucial because the high seas face increasing threats from climate change, pollution, overfishing, and deep-sea mining. Without legal protections, these ecosystems are vulnerable to irreversible damage. The treaty aims to fill legal gaps, promote conservation, and ensure that benefits from marine resources are shared fairly among nations.
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Which countries have ratified the treaty?
As of now, 143 countries have ratified the treaty, including Morocco and Sierra Leone. However, major maritime nations like the US, China, Russia, and Japan have yet to fully ratify or oppose it. Their participation is vital for the treaty’s success in protecting global ocean health.
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When will the treaty come into effect?
The treaty is set to come into effect in January 2026, after the required number of ratifications. Once active, it will establish rules for marine conservation, protected areas, and benefit-sharing, helping to safeguard ocean ecosystems for future generations.
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How will the treaty protect ocean ecosystems?
The treaty will create protected areas in international waters, regulate activities like deep-sea mining and fishing, and promote scientific research. It aims to prevent habitat destruction, reduce overfishing, and combat illegal activities, ensuring healthier and more resilient marine ecosystems worldwide.
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What challenges does the treaty face?
Despite broad support, the treaty faces challenges such as enforcement, compliance, and the reluctance of some major nations to ratify. Effective implementation will require international cooperation, funding, and strong enforcement mechanisms to ensure the treaty’s goals are met.