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Why are solar storms happening now?
Solar storms are more common during the sun's active phase, which peaks approximately every 11 years. Currently, multiple coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the sun are interacting with Earth's magnetic field, causing geomagnetic disturbances. This increased solar activity is why we're experiencing intense storms and spectacular auroras at this time.
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How do coronal mass ejections create auroras?
Coronal mass ejections are huge bursts of solar plasma and magnetic fields released from the sun. When these particles reach Earth, they interact with our planet's magnetic field, causing it to become disturbed. This interaction energizes particles in Earth's atmosphere, which then emit light—creating the beautiful auroras seen in the sky.
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What is the science behind geomagnetic storms?
Geomagnetic storms occur when solar wind and CMEs disturb Earth's magnetic field. These disturbances can cause fluctuations in the Earth's electric and magnetic environment, affecting satellites, power grids, and communication systems. The severity of these storms depends on the strength of the incoming solar particles and the state of Earth's magnetic field.
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Can solar storms damage satellites and electronics?
Yes, intense solar storms can pose risks to satellites, GPS systems, and other electronic devices. The energetic particles can interfere with satellite operations, cause malfunctions, or even damage hardware. That's why space agencies closely monitor solar activity to protect critical infrastructure during these events.
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How long do solar storms and auroras last?
The duration of solar storms can vary from a few hours to several days, depending on the size and speed of the coronal mass ejections. Auroras typically last as long as the geomagnetic disturbances persist, often appearing for several hours during intense storms. Visibility also depends on local weather conditions and geographic location.
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Are there ways to predict solar storms?
Yes, space weather agencies like NOAA and the UK’s BGS monitor solar activity and provide forecasts for upcoming solar storms. They track sunspots, solar flares, and CMEs to predict when geomagnetic disturbances might occur, helping to prepare and protect infrastructure and the public.