El-Fasher, the last stronghold in Darfur, recently fell to the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), sparking a worsening humanitarian crisis. Many wonder why this happened, what it means for civilians, and how the international community is responding. Below, we answer the most common questions about this unfolding crisis and what it means for Sudan’s future.
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Why did Sudan's El-Fasher fall to the RSF?
El-Fasher fell after an 18-month siege by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), a paramilitary group that has been fighting the Sudanese army since April 2023. The RSF captured the city in late October 2025, marking a significant escalation in the conflict. The fall was driven by intense fighting, strategic military tactics, and the RSF’s efforts to seize key territories in Darfur.
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What is the current humanitarian situation in Sudan?
The humanitarian situation in Sudan is dire. Over 80,000 people have fled El-Fasher to overcrowded camps like Tawila, facing shortages of food, water, and medical supplies. Hospitals have been attacked, and reports detail killings, sexual violence, and widespread suffering. The ongoing conflict has caused a collapse in basic services, leaving civilians in desperate need of aid.
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How are civilians affected by the conflict in El-Fasher?
Civilians in El-Fasher are suffering immensely. Many have been displaced, with families torn apart and communities destroyed. People are dying from starvation, dehydration, and injuries from violence. Hospitals are overwhelmed or destroyed, and reports of atrocities, including killings and sexual violence, highlight the brutal impact of the conflict on ordinary people.
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What are the international responses to Sudan's crisis?
The international community has condemned the violence in Sudan. The UN, aid organizations, and many governments have called for ceasefires and increased humanitarian aid. Some countries are pushing for the RSF to be designated as a terrorist organization. However, efforts to broker peace are ongoing, and the situation remains highly unstable.
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What does the fall of El-Fasher mean for Sudan’s future?
The fall of El-Fasher signals a significant shift in the conflict, potentially leading to further instability across Darfur and beyond. It raises fears of increased violence, humanitarian collapse, and possible genocide. The situation remains fluid, with many questions about how peace can be restored and what the long-term consequences will be for Sudan.