What's happened
A preliminary study suggests long-term melatonin use may be linked to increased heart failure risk, but experts caution that the evidence is not conclusive. The research, based on electronic health records, highlights the need for further investigation into the hormone's safety for chronic use.
What's behind the headline?
The study's findings are significant but should be interpreted with caution. Observational data cannot establish causality, and the lack of dosage information complicates the assessment of risk. Experts emphasize that melatonin is naturally produced by the body and generally recommended for short-term use, such as jet lag. The potential link to heart failure warrants further research, but current evidence does not justify stopping melatonin for most users. The study also underscores the importance of sleep hygiene, as exposure to blue light at night diminishes natural melatonin levels, potentially affecting sleep quality and health. Overall, this research should prompt consumers and healthcare providers to consider the risks of long-term supplementation and to prioritize sleep practices that support natural hormone regulation.
What the papers say
The Associated Press highlights that the study is preliminary and has not been peer-reviewed, emphasizing the need for more research before drawing definitive conclusions. Dr. Pratik Sandesara from Emory Healthcare advises caution, noting that the study does not prove melatonin causes heart failure but suggests a possible association. Meanwhile, Northwestern University’s Dr. Clyde Yancey points out that the lack of dosage data and the over-the-counter status of melatonin in the US complicate risk assessment. Both sources agree that short-term use remains generally safe, but long-term safety is uncertain. The AP also notes that the study's findings are a call for further investigation, and consumers should consult their doctors about melatonin use.
How we got here
The study analyzed international health records of adults diagnosed with insomnia who used melatonin for at least a year. It found a higher percentage of heart failure among long-term users compared to non-users. The research is preliminary and has not yet undergone peer review, raising questions about the safety of prolonged melatonin use, especially given its over-the-counter status in the US and variable ingredients across brands.
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