State of Brazil in the Northeast, with a large population and coast.
A cluster of recent marine sightings shows orcas and dolphins appearing more frequently off the Northumberland coast, while Norfolk Island’s reefs show stress from runoff, dredging plans and El Niño. Scientists warn warming waters threaten coral ecosystems and coastal wildlife.
Humpback whales have surged from about 2,000 to 35,000 in roughly 40 years, drawing them into Rio’s Guanabara Bay. Tours with biologists onboard have grown, while researchers study migration patterns and the Abrolhos Bank habitat. A scientific expedition runs June 26–July 9 to map behavior and routes.