A vaccine that treats existing cancer or prevents its development, including autologous options where the vaccine is patient-specific.
Drugmakers Moderna and Merck have released Phase 3 results showing their personalised mRNA vaccine, intismeran, plus the immunotherapy pembrolizumab (Keytruda) has reduced the two‑year risk of melanoma recurrence or death by 42% and distant metastasis or death by 38% in a trial of about 1,137 patients. Data were released after partial results leaked and will be presented at ESMO.