Cauca faces deadly violence as defenders are killed; 2025 saw 124 land and environmental defenders killed globally, with Cauca among hotspots. A bomb attack also links to narco-terrorist groups tied to armed factions.
Global Witness reports 124 killings of land and environmental defenders in 2025, led by Colombia (39) and Brazil (26). Indigenous people and small-scale farmers bear the brunt, with a notable overlap with organised crime. The total since 2012 reaches 2,375, though the rate shows some regional variation.