Turkish municipality and district; transport hub for Middle Eastern oil and gas
The Strait of Hormuz remains a flashpoint as Iran’s blockade pressures oil markets. Gulf states are accelerating pipeline projects to reroute crude to Fujairah and Turkish ports, aiming to reduce reliance on Hormuz. Iraq, UAE, Saudi Arabia, and others say new routes will begin diverting millions of barrels daily within the next few years, though pipelines remain vulnerable to attacks.