The Hopi are a Native American tribe living on the Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona. They maintain a sovereign nation within the U.S. and number about 19,338 (2010 census).
Presidents have reshaped national monuments under the Antiquities Act, with Trump reducing Bears Ears and Grand Staircase-Escalante, while Biden has restored size and created new monuments, including sites tied to civil rights and Indigenous history. The debate centers on balancing conservation, tribal co-stewardship, and resource development.