Since Bashar al-Assad's ousting in December 2024, Syria has entered a new phase under President Ahmed al-Sharaa, a former Islamist militant leader. Sharaa has engaged internationally, including historic visits to the UN and the US, calling for sanctions relief and regional stability. One million refugees have returned amid ongoing sectarian violence and unresolved war crimes prosecutions. Russia maintains military ties, while Syria seeks to redefine its global relations.