A field that uses light to control neurons and other cells.
Three scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering light-gated ion channels and advancing optogenetics. Deisseroth, Hegemann, and Nagel share the prize, reflecting a cross-disciplinary breakthrough that enables precise control of neural activity with light.
The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has awarded the 2026 Physiology or Medicine prize to Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel for discoveries that turned light-sensitive proteins from algae into tools that switch nerve cells on and off. The three researchers will share 12 million Swedish kronor; the prize is opening Nobel week.