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On September 6, 2025, Iran executed Mehran Bahramian, convicted of killing a security officer during the 2022 protests sparked by Mahsa Amini's death. This marks the 12th known execution linked to the unrest. Human rights groups condemn the use of forced confessions and secret trials. Meanwhile, US pressure mounts on Iraq to rein in Iranian-backed militias amid regional tensions.
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As of September 17, 2025, Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) have signed a defence communique but postponed the formal signing of a landmark mutual defence treaty. The treaty, elevating their security ties to the level Australia holds with the US and New Zealand, awaits cabinet approvals in both countries. The pact integrates defence forces, allows military service across borders, and offers PNG nationals a pathway to Australian citizenship, amid efforts to counter China's growing Pacific influence.
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Japan's Defense Minister hosted Australian counterpart Marles aboard the JS Mikuma, as Australia announced the selection of Mitsubishi's Mogami-class frigates for its navy. The deal enhances bilateral cooperation, supply chain ties, and regional stability amid rising tensions in the Indo-Pacific.
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Canada, Australia, and the UK have announced recognition of Palestinian statehood, aiming to revive hopes for a two-state solution. The move comes as Israel faces increasing international isolation over its military actions in Gaza, with ongoing conflict and regional tensions escalating. The US and Israel oppose the recognition, citing concerns over Hamas and ongoing war.
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Australia's environment minister has approved a 40-year extension of the North West Shelf gas project in Western Australia, despite Indigenous and environmental opposition. Conditions include emissions reductions and heritage protections, but critics warn the expansion risks damaging UNESCO-listed Aboriginal rock art and worsening climate impacts, drawing international legal and regional criticism.
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On October 6, 2025, Australia and Papua New Guinea signed the Pukpuk Treaty, their first mutual defense pact in 70 years, elevating their relationship to a formal alliance. The treaty commits both nations to mutual defense, integrates their militaries, and allows PNG citizens to serve in the Australian Defence Force. The pact aims to strengthen regional security amid rising Chinese influence in the Pacific.
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After two years of captivity, 20 hostages were released overnight, marking a significant step in Gaza-Israel peace efforts. The agreement, facilitated by US President Trump and regional mediators, includes a ceasefire, troop withdrawals, and prisoner exchanges. International leaders have welcomed the development, emphasizing hopes for long-term peace.
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On Monday, Australian Senator Pauline Hanson wore a burqa in the Senate chamber to protest the rejection of her bill banning full-face coverings in public. The stunt sparked accusations of racism and Islamophobia, leading to her suspension for seven consecutive sitting days. The incident reignited debates on religious freedom, national security, and social cohesion in Australia.
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Australia has officially designated Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as a state sponsor of terrorism, citing links to arson attacks targeting Jewish sites in 2024. Iran condemned the move as unjustified, escalating diplomatic tensions. The decision follows Australian intelligence findings and recent expulsions of Iranian diplomats, marking a significant shift in regional security dynamics.