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A coordinated U.S.-Japan intervention in late July has only temporarily strengthened the yen. The currency has given back roughly half the gains from the operation and is trading near ¥159–¥160 to the dollar as of mid-August. Analysts say the yield gap between U.S. and Japanese debt and Japan's domestic policy mix are keeping downward pressure on the yen.
China has continued its 23-month gold-buying streak, adding about 23 tonnes in September and expanding domestic gold use as a hedge against dollar exposure and sanctions. Private demand is rising as households seek safe assets amid a slowing economy and geopolitical risk.