What's happened
Iran has intensified its deportation of over 1.5 million Afghan refugees in 2025, citing security concerns linked to alleged Israeli espionage. Many refugees, including a lawyer in hiding, face uncertain futures as Iran builds border walls and ramps up expulsions, amid international criticism and internal unrest.
What's behind the headline?
The current wave of expulsions reveals Iran's strategic shift towards securitization of migration, driven by regional conflict and internal economic pressures. The government’s narrative links Afghan migrants to espionage, which is used to justify mass deportations. However, evidence of widespread spying remains unsubstantiated, and the expulsions risk violating international law, especially given Afghanistan's ongoing instability under Taliban rule. The deportations exacerbate humanitarian crises, as millions face perilous conditions back home. This crackdown benefits hardline factions within Iran, consolidating power by framing migrants as security threats, while international actors criticize the move as xenophobic and unlawful. The long-term impact will likely include increased regional instability, further refugee displacement, and strained diplomatic relations. Iran’s border wall construction and increased deportations will intensify humanitarian suffering and could provoke regional tensions, especially if refugees are pushed into unsafe conditions or hostile territories. The international community’s response will be critical in shaping Iran’s future migration policies and regional stability.
What the papers say
The Japan Times highlights the personal story of Nawida, a lawyer in hiding, emphasizing the human toll of Iran’s deportation drive. Bloomberg provides context on Iran’s fears of espionage and the government’s claims linking Afghan migrants to Israeli spies, alongside the broader security narrative. Al Jazeera offers detailed statistics on the scale of deportations, the economic and social pressures on Iran, and the regional security concerns, including border fortifications and the political rhetoric surrounding the expulsions. The contrasting perspectives underscore the humanitarian crisis versus national security concerns, with critics condemning the mass returns as illegal and harmful, while authorities frame them as necessary security measures.
How we got here
Iran has hosted millions of Afghan refugees for decades, but recent tensions with Israel and internal security concerns have led to a sharp increase in deportations. The government claims some refugees are linked to espionage, while critics argue the expulsions violate international law and threaten vulnerable populations. The escalation follows Iran's military conflict with Israel, which has heightened security fears and economic strain, prompting border fortifications and mass expulsions.
Go deeper
Common question
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Why is Iran expelling Afghan refugees now?
Iran has recently intensified its deportation of Afghan refugees, citing security concerns amid rising regional tensions. Many refugees face uncertain futures as Iran builds border walls and ramps up expulsions. But what’s behind these actions, and how are they affecting the refugees and international relations? Below, we explore the key questions surrounding Iran’s refugee crisis and the broader security and humanitarian issues involved.
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What’s the Future for Afghan Refugees in Iran?
Iran's recent crackdown on Afghan refugees has raised many questions about their future. With mass deportations and border tensions increasing, many are wondering what happens next for these vulnerable populations. Are there safe options for asylum? What risks do refugees face? Here’s what you need to know about the current situation and what it might mean for Afghan refugees in Iran.
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How are countries reacting to Iran's refugee expulsions?
Iran's recent mass deportation of Afghan refugees has sparked international concern and varied responses from around the world. While Iran cites security concerns linked to espionage, many countries and human rights groups are questioning the legality and humanitarian impact of these actions. Curious about how different nations are reacting and what this means for regional stability? Read on to find out more.
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How Are Tariffs and Geopolitical Tensions Impacting Global Markets?
Recent developments in international trade policies and geopolitical conflicts are reshaping global markets. From US tariffs affecting automakers to tensions between Iran and other countries leading to mass expulsions, these issues raise important questions for investors, businesses, and consumers alike. Below, we explore the key questions and provide clear answers to help you understand the current landscape.
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Iran, also called Persia, and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan a
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