What's happened
On October 7, 2025, the first of three supermoons this year, known as the Harvest Moon, appeared. It was the largest and brightest full moon of 2025 so far, appearing up to 14% larger and 30% brighter due to its close orbit to Earth. Meanwhile, two comets, Lemmon and SWAN, are making close passes to Earth this month, visible with binoculars or the naked eye under dark skies. Comet Lemmon will be closest on October 21, and both comets may be seen through the end of October. The UAE and other regions are hosting viewing events for these celestial phenomena.
What's behind the headline?
Celestial Spectacles Align
October 2025 offers a rare convergence of notable astronomical events: the Harvest Moon supermoon and the close flybys of two comets, Lemmon and SWAN. This alignment provides both casual observers and astronomy enthusiasts with multiple opportunities to engage with the night sky.
Supermoon Significance
The Harvest Moon's proximity to Earth enhances its apparent size and brightness by up to 14% and 30%, respectively, intensifying ocean tides and cultural significance. Its timing near the autumn equinox ties it to agricultural traditions, underscoring humanity's long-standing relationship with lunar cycles.
Cometary Visitors
Comets Lemmon and SWAN, originating from the distant Oort Cloud, are transient visitors that illuminate the solar system's primordial past. Their visibility without specialized equipment is uncommon, offering a tangible connection to cosmic history. Lemmon's approach on October 21 and SWAN's earlier flyby provide a staggered viewing window extending through October.
Regional Engagement
The UAE's organized viewing events and the global interest in these phenomena highlight the growing public enthusiasm for astronomy. Such events foster scientific literacy and community engagement, bridging cultural and geographic divides.
Forecast and Impact
These events will likely inspire increased public interest in astronomy and may encourage further investment in observational infrastructure. The supermoons and comet flybys serve as reminders of Earth's place in the cosmos and the dynamic nature of our solar system, potentially influencing educational and cultural activities in the coming months.
What the papers say
The Independent and AP News provide detailed accounts of Comets Lemmon and SWAN, noting their origins in the Oort Cloud and visibility conditions. Carson Fuls, director of the University of Arizona-based sky survey, describes the rarity of spotting two comets simultaneously without special equipment. Gulf News offers regional context, highlighting the UAE's viewing events and the comet's brightness progression, with Ibrahim Al Jarwan emphasizing optimal viewing windows and the comet's trajectory near constellations like Ursa Major and Boötes. BBC News and The Scotsman focus on the Harvest Moon supermoon, explaining its cultural significance and astronomical characteristics, including its size, brightness, and timing relative to the autumn equinox. The NY Post and The Independent discuss the supermoon's impact on tides and emotional symbolism, with NASA scientists encouraging regular moon observation to appreciate subtle changes. These varied perspectives collectively enrich understanding by combining scientific explanation, cultural context, and public engagement opportunities.
How we got here
Supermoons occur when a full moon coincides with the moon's closest approach to Earth, making it appear larger and brighter. The Harvest Moon is the full moon closest to the autumn equinox, historically aiding farmers. Comets Lemmon and SWAN originate from the outer solar system, possibly the Oort Cloud, and become visible as they approach the sun, releasing gas and dust that form glowing tails.
Go deeper
- How can I best view the Harvest Moon and comets this October?
- What causes a supermoon to appear larger and brighter?
- What is the significance of comets Lemmon and SWAN's origins in the Oort Cloud?
Common question
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What’s happening in the night sky this October?
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When is the Next Supermoon Happening?
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What is a supermoon and why is October's supermoon special?
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