German lawyer and SPD politician, Federal Minister of Defence since 2022
Oil prices have topped $100 a barrel as U.S.-Iran tensions escalate, with Houthis launching attacks on Red Sea shipping. The conflict has drawn in allies and prompted cautious responses from Germany and the UK as the region edges toward broader confrontation.
Since late April 2026, Russia and Ukraine have been exchanging sustained drone and missile attacks that have killed civilians, damaged ports, hospitals and housing, and struck energy infrastructure on both sides. Overnight into 5 May, strikes have hit Ukrainian energy facilities and cities and Ukrainian forces have struck major Russian oil and industrial sites.
German chancellor Friedrich Merz has said the US is being "humiliated" by Iran and has criticised the lack of a US exit strategy in the US‑Israeli war on Iran. President Donald Trump has publicly attacked Merz, and the US is considering scaling back troop numbers in Germany while NATO and Berlin are discussing European defence responsibilities.
The United States has announced a review of its troop levels in Germany, with a decision expected within six to twelve months. The move could bring deployments closer to pre-2022 levels and affects a long-range missiles plan previously set to deploy to Germany. German officials say the shift will push Europe to assume more responsibility for security.
The Pentagon has announced a plan to pull about 5,000 US troops from Germany over the next six to twelve months as tensions over the Iran war intensify with European partners. NATO says it is studying the details of the move, while German officials say Europe must bolster its own defence capacity.
Germany and the United States are navigating a recently escalated rift over Iran while Washington plans to reduce U.S. troops in Germany by about 5,000, a move Berlin says is separate from the Iran dispute. European partners are being urged to bear greater security responsibilities as NATO reassesses force posture.
The United States has announced a drawdown of troops in Germany, drawing criticism from European leaders who say Europe must take more responsibility for its own security. NATO and EU officials are discussing how to fortify Europe’s defense posture as Washington signals a shift away from European basing amid tensions over the Iran war.
European leaders are pushing back on Trump’s urging to withdraw from NATO while calling for stronger European defense. Germany faces pressure as France promotes national defense autonomy, and a recent survey shows waning trust in U.S. leadership among European publics. The debate centers on how Europe should defend itself with or without full U.S. backing.
EU foreign ministers are discussing the idea of engaging directly with Russia to end the Ukraine war, with Kyiv urging Europe to take a strong role. Names floated for a potential EU envoy include Angela Merkel, Mario Draghi, and Sauli Niinistö, though Brussels remains cautious about impartiality amid stalled US-led negotiations.
France and Germany have announced they will end plans to build a joint sixth-generation fighter jet, after industrial deadlock between Dassault and Airbus blocked progress. Leaders say work on associated drones and a shared combat data network will continue, but the core €100bn fighter programme has been abandoned this week.
Germany has agreed with France to take a large stake in Franco‑German defence group KNDS and to set joint governance, clearing the way for a potential IPO. Berlin has said it intends to buy roughly 40% from family shareholders to secure long‑term influence over a firm that supplies tanks and armoured vehicles and supports European rearmament.
The US defence secretary has announced a six-month Pentagon review of American force posture in Europe and warned that NATO members that fail defence‑spending targets will face reduced US contributions and access. He has criticised allies that limited basing or overflight during US strikes on Iran and said US dues will be contingent on allies meeting spending commitments.
NATO leaders have met in Ankara after months of U.S. threats to scale back forces in Europe and repeated U.S. demands that allies raise defence spending to 5% of GDP by 2035. Tensions over the U.S.-Israeli war on Iran and U.S. troop reviews have strained transatlantic ties, while European governments are increasing procurement and planning to assume more conventional defence responsibilities.
Germany is pursuing a four-track plan to build a scalable long-range arsenal, including U.S.-made Typhon launchers and European projects, as Berlin seeks to reduce reliance on U.S. stockpiles after political shifts and battles over Tomahawk deployments.
Indirect talks mediated by Qatar and Pakistan are pressing to implement the Islamabad Memorandum and to restart shipping through the Strait of Hormuz. Officials say progress is being made, with a monitoring channel set to report violations, and discussions on how part of Iran’s frozen assets could be used to purchase needed goods.