Third-largest ocean, shaping climate and trade
A SpaceX Falcon 9 upper stage has struck the Moon near Einstein Crater at about 5,400 mph, carving a new crater and launching a dust plume. South Korea’s Danuri orbiter has photographed the site and released images. NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter is scheduled to image the impact next week while scientists begin analysing ejecta and crater formation.
Since early August, Iran and Oman have negotiated a temporary shipping corridor through the Strait of Hormuz while Washington has pushed for an open, toll‑free waterway. Iran has set broad political and economic conditions — including lifting the US naval blockade and reparations — and President Donald Trump has said the US will demand compensation from Tehran. Oil prices have risen as talks cool and attacks on ships continue.
The United States is evaluating a direct purchase of the Chagos Islands from Mauritius as UK plans to cede sovereignty stall. A plan would sidestep the UK and secure the Diego Garcia base, while political opposition in Britain and exile Chagossan leaders push back. Several options are being discussed, with Trump officials weighing risks of aligning with Mauritius and China concerns.
Researchers reveal a vast whale graveyard in the southeastern Indian Ocean, extending to depths of 7,000 metres and spanning hundreds of kilometres. The site hosts hundreds of fossil skeletons and five modern whale falls, highlighting a thriving deep-sea ecosystem that feeds on whale carcasses. The findings, published in Nature, deepen understanding of deep-sea life and whale evolution.
The IUCN red list shows growing threats to desert rain frogs and deep-sea vent molluscs from mining and energy developments. Some species are stabilizing due to conservation, but many face extinction without stronger protections; the news comes amid a broader assessment of biodiversity loss and conservation efforts.
Updated reporting shows Iran and Oman are negotiating management of the Strait of Hormuz while the US considers further strikes. Oil markets react as Gulf states pursue alternative export routes amid ongoing conflict with Iran.
SpaceX’s stock has fallen since its IPO last month. A failed Starship test flight led to a further drop, with shares trading below the IPO price and investors weighing the impact on SpaceX’s multi‑billion contracts and future launches.
Lesotho’s Afriski Mountain Resort, perched at 3,200 metres in the Maluti Mountains, is Africa’s only full-scale ski area. It relies on artificial snow to stay open through winter, drawing mainly South African visitors and contributing about 7% to Lesotho’s GDP as ski tourism expands in southern Africa.
The Houthis have declared a maritime blockade of Saudi Arabia, drawing new attacks and causing vessels to reroute through the Red Sea. Oil prices are rising as ships alter course to avoid Bab el-Mandeb and Hormuz chokepoints, with implications for global trade.
The Gulf states are accelerating pipeline projects to bypass Hormuz as Iran blocks the Strait, while existing routes face strain. Several major lines are nearing completion, with Fujairah and Yanbu expanding capacity; Iraq and Turkey explore alternative export routes. Analysts warn the shift could alter global oil flows and prices.
SpaceX’s Starship 13th flight has deployed Starlink satellites and tested heat-shield upgrades. The test landed in the Indian Ocean with an intact booster and a taller test profile. Analysts discuss remaining heat-shield challenges for rapid reuse and cost reduction, with NASA eyeing Artemis and lunar missions.
Iran has ruled out Oman’s 50-50 regional management for the Strait of Hormuz, insisting on control of its side and opposition to a wide sharing arrangement. Oman proposed a Malacca-style model with voluntary fees to stabilize shipping after disruptions from the US-Israeli war. Officials say talks are progressing step by step, but hardliners remain skeptical about concessions.
The solar eclipse has triggered a surge in travel demand across Europe as destinations within the path of totality experience record room rates and bookings. Reykjavik, A Coruño, Bilbao and Santiago de Compostela report sharp price increases, while authorities warn of heat and fire risks and a spike in road traffic. NASA and local observatories will live-stream the event to millions.