Totalitarian state (1933–1945) led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party
Poland has opened proceedings to consider stripping Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy of the Order of the White Eagle after he has approved the renaming of a Ukrainian special-forces unit 'Heroes of the UPA' and presided over the reburial of World War II nationalist Andriy Melnyk with state honours. Polish leaders have voiced outrage, and an advisory Chapter meeting has been scheduled to review revocation.
Carlo Ginzburg has died at 87. The Italian historian is remembered for The Cheese and the Worms, a microhistorical study of a 16th-century miller, which recast power dynamics and belief through inquisitorial records. His work shaped modern historiography, influence spanning postwar and postcolonial contexts.
France is honoring Marc Bloch, the Jewish historian and World War II resistance fighter, at Paris's Panthéon. The ceremony underscores Bloch’s courage and his role in preserving republican values and secularism, as Macron frames his legacy amid a polarized political landscape.
The judiciary is tightening oversight on executive actions as courts assess the scope of presidential power in civil service and immigration matters. Recent rulings have implications for how federal agencies operate and how the administration handles asylum policy and courthouse arrests.
Protests outside Poetica Coffee in Park Slope have escalated after a social media post accused the shop of banning a Jewish congressman over his support for Israel. The Justice Department has opened a civil-rights investigation into the incident as demonstrators clash with counter-protesters. The controversy has drawn national attention and sparked debate about discrimination and free speech.
The United States marks its semiquincentennial while commentators insist America is still a work in progress. The nation has celebrated, debated, and confronted its founders’ legacy, with civics, law, and culture in the spotlight.
Free-expression advocate rights group has filed a lawsuit alleging that federal agents threatened a Rochester, N.Y. resident for online criticism of ICE. The suit names Homeland Security Secretary Mullin and ICE leadership, arguing First Amendment protections were violated.
The government has announced a defence investment plan raising the defence budget by a total of 15 billion pounds over four years, with questions over funding gaps and how it will meet NATO targets. Burnham is tipped to take over as prime minister, while debates continue over how the funds will be sourced and allocated.
France is witnessing renewed antisemitism amid ceremonies marking Alfred Dreyfus’s exoneration. Authorities have heightened security after a suspicious vehicle near a Paris synagogue prompted a terrorism investigation. Police evacuations in Sarcelles and national commemoration events accompany debates over antisemitism and France’s Jewish history.
Austria has converted Adolf Hitler’s birth house in Braunau am Inn into a district police station and has officially opened it today. The government has remodelled the 17th-century building, kept a memorial stone outside, and says housing police will strip the site of appeal to neo-Nazis, though Holocaust survivors’ groups have criticised the move.
UNESCO has inscribed Mount Olympus as a mixed cultural and natural World Heritage Site, marking Greece’s 12-year campaign. The designation accompanies South Sudan’s Boma-Badingilo Landscape and Japan’s Asuka-Fujiwara sites, while Normandy’s D‑Day beaches receive protection as part of the agency’s latest batch of recognitions.