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African nations, led by the AU, demand increased climate finance and assert their role as solutions providers at COP30 in Brazil. The Addis Ababa Declaration emphasizes renewable energy, mineral transparency, and climate justice, amid ongoing debates over funding and development priorities. The summit highlights Africa's resilience despite limited emissions.
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On October 15, 2025, Colonel Michael Randrianirina led a military coup in Madagascar, ousting President Andry Rajoelina amid weeks of youth-led protests over poverty, corruption, and utility outages. Rajoelina fled the country and was impeached for desertion. Randrianirina was sworn in by the High Constitutional Court and pledged a transitional government with elections in 18-24 months. The African Union suspended Madagascar following the coup.
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Fighters linked to al-Qaeda have intensified a fuel blockade in Mali, severely disrupting Bamako's economy and daily life. Schools are closed, citizens are urged to leave, and the military faces mounting pressure amid ongoing attacks and economic strangulation. The situation risks further destabilization of the region.
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Last week’s Tanzanian elections, marked by ballot stuffing, violence, and opposition disqualification, drew international criticism. The AU and SADC reported electoral irregularities and unrest, with opposition claims of over 1,000 deaths amid government denials. The situation highlights ongoing political repression and violence in Tanzania.
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The Democratic Republic of the Congo's foreign minister criticizes Rwanda's actions, questioning its commitment to peace in eastern DRC. Despite diplomatic efforts and a peace agreement, ongoing military presence and abuses hinder progress. Recent meetings in Washington reaffirm commitments, but implementation remains slow and fragile.
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Jihadist groups in Mali have intensified fuel blockades, disrupting medical services, economy, and security. Western nations advise citizens to leave as the government struggles to contain armed groups and maintain stability five years after a military coup.
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African nations are making strides in vaccine development and manufacturing. South Africa begins clinical trials for a locally produced cholera vaccine, aiming for approval by 2028. Meanwhile, Nigeria progresses with a Lassa fever vaccine, addressing regional health needs and reducing dependency on imports.
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Tanzania's recent elections, marked by violence and repression, have resulted in hundreds of deaths, a government crackdown, and international criticism. President Hassan declared victory amid allegations of misconduct, with reports of bodies being concealed and opposition figures detained. The election's legitimacy is widely questioned today, December 2, 2025.
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Mali faces escalating insecurity as jihadist groups, notably JNIM, intensify attacks, impose fuel blockades, and cause regional refugee flows. Despite government claims of mitigation, insurgents expand into neighboring Ivory Coast, worsening economic and humanitarian conditions amid regional instability.
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In November 2025, Congo's government and M23 rebels signed a framework agreement in Doha, mediated by Qatar and the US, aiming to outline protocols for future peace negotiations. The deal addresses root causes of conflict, but implementation remains uncertain amid ongoing violence and accusations of violations.
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On November 26-27, 2025, Guinea-Bissau's military deposed President Umaro Sissoco Embalo, suspended the electoral process, and installed General Horta Nta Na Man as transitional leader for one year. The coup occurred amid disputed presidential election results between Embalo and challenger Fernando Dias. Key political figures were detained, borders closed, and curfews imposed as the military cited threats from drug traffickers and election manipulation.
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Amid ongoing conflict in Sudan, the RSF announced a unilateral three-month ceasefire following US and regional mediation efforts, but clashes continue. The Sudanese army rejected the proposals, citing bias and security concerns, as international actors push for peace amid a worsening humanitarian crisis.
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On December 4, 2025, Presidents Felix Tshisekedi of DR Congo and Paul Kagame of Rwanda signed the US-brokered Washington Accords, aiming to end decades of conflict involving the Rwanda-backed M23 rebel group. Despite the agreement, fighting continues in eastern Congo, causing civilian casualties and displacement. The deal includes a ceasefire, disarmament, refugee returns, and a regional economic integration framework to attract Western investment in critical minerals.
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Guinea-Bissau's military seized power after disputed elections, suspending the government and arresting President Embaló. The AU and ECOWAS condemned the coup, which follows a pattern of regional instability and political crises fueled by corruption and drug trafficking. The military plans a one-year transition.