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On September 22, 2025, the autumnal equinox marks equal day and night globally, signaling the start of fall in the Northern Hemisphere. This year, it coincides closely with a partial solar eclipse on September 21 visible mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. Earlier, a total lunar eclipse on September 7-8 was widely observed across Asia, Australia, and parts of Africa and Europe.
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On October 7, 2025, the first of three supermoons this year, known as the Harvest Moon, appeared. It was the largest and brightest full moon of 2025 so far, appearing up to 14% larger and 30% brighter due to its close orbit to Earth. Meanwhile, two comets, Lemmon and SWAN, are making close passes to Earth this month, visible with binoculars or the naked eye under dark skies. Comet Lemmon will be closest on October 21, and both comets may be seen through the end of October. The UAE and other regions are hosting viewing events for these celestial phenomena.
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Recent studies reveal a rogue planet, Cha 1107-7626, accreting gas and dust at an unprecedented rate, blurring lines between stars and planets. Meanwhile, the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, larger than previously thought, passed near Mars and is being closely observed. Finnish scientists also captured the first image of two black holes orbiting each other, confirming their binary nature.
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Recent studies confirm a sharp rise in destructive wildfires and deadly heatwaves driven by climate change. Wildfire damages have tripled since 1980, and heat-related deaths are at record highs, highlighting urgent environmental and public health challenges worldwide. These trends are linked to extreme weather conditions worsened by global warming.
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On November 5, 2025, the UK and much of the world will witness the Beaver Moon, the largest and brightest full moon of the year, classified as a supermoon due to its close proximity to Earth. This is the second of three supermoons in 2025. Concurrently, meteor showers like the Orionids and upcoming Leonids offer additional celestial spectacles through December.
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As of November 2025, the UN's Emissions Gap Report reveals that current national climate pledges will lead to a 2.3-2.5°C global temperature rise by 2100, surpassing Paris Agreement targets. Despite some progress, global emissions rose 2.3% in 2024. China's new 2035 goals mark its first specific emissions reduction target but fall short of what's needed. The US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement threatens to negate recent gains ahead of COP30 in Brazil.
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The UN climate talks in Belém, Brazil, are focusing on climate finance and fossil fuel phase-out. Recent reports confirm renewables will grow faster than any other energy source, making the transition away from fossil fuels inevitable despite political setbacks. The talks highlight the economic and geopolitical implications of this shift.
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As COP30 in Belém nears its conclusion, negotiations stall over a fossil fuel roadmap, with key countries rejecting the proposal. The summit highlights the ongoing global struggle to balance climate action with economic interests, amid disagreements over climate finance and the US absence. The outcome will influence future climate policies.
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In late November 2025, a Soyuz rocket launch from Baikonur Cosmodrome successfully delivered three astronauts to the ISS but caused significant damage to the launchpad's service cabin. Roscosmos has begun repairs, aiming to restore the pad by February 2026. The incident has prompted NASA to advance Dragon supply missions to mitigate potential supply gaps. Meanwhile, SpaceX's Starship V3 booster suffered a critical failure during ground testing, delaying its development.
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COP30 negotiations reveal that global efforts to limit warming to 1.5°C are falling short. Scientists warn overshoot is inevitable, with temperatures likely to exceed the threshold before returning below it through technological and natural carbon removal. Leaders acknowledge the challenge amid rising emissions and unresolved issues.
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Recent articles reveal significant space findings: a rare meteorite on Earth with insights into planetary cores, a giant nebula in the Milky Way, and new evidence of electrical activity on Mars. These discoveries deepen understanding of planetary formation, interstellar objects, and Martian phenomena, highlighting ongoing space exploration progress as of December 2025.
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The Geminid meteor shower, one of the strongest annual meteor displays, peaks overnight from December 13 to 14, with up to 120 meteors per hour visible under dark skies. Best viewed in the northern hemisphere, including the UK, the shower will continue until December 20. Viewing conditions depend on weather and light pollution.